Active Skills (Production)

Speaking

A reliable speaking partner that diligently provides corrections is worth their weight in gold. Resources that allow you to connect with native speakers, non-native speakers, teachers, and tutors are what you want to look for to get quality speaking practice in. Examples that may or may not be the best for this particular language at the time when this is read at some point in the future include Hellotalk for finding native and non-native speakers to practice with. (Non-native speakers can be useful for conversation practice as they can share insight into the language, help expedite your learning process, and they can also help bolster your speaking partners for languages for which speaking partners are difficult to find) A reliable speaking partner that actively corrects you and is a bare minimum ideal that can be quite difficult find. Note: by reliable I mean that is able to stick a schedule consistently and diligently correct you. If you are able to find one, consider having them write their corrections down for you both to go over and for you to digest later. If you are really on your game, you will use the notes written down, process them into an SRS system and create a sequence in which you will apply the new grammar points, words, or phrases that you have learned in a systematic fashion.

Another example of an app that allows one to easily find tutors or teachers is italki, which provides the ability to search a database of teachers/tutors by filters such as language, price, and availability.

Writing

There exist applications and websites that provide the ability to find pen pals, to make posts online that others will correct, and to find language exchange partners with whom you can communicate in-app via text messages.

Passive Skills (Reception)

Listening

There are quite a few apps out there now that aim to augment your ability to digest podcasts, videos, and etc. A useful tool that I will suggest for videos in any language including your native language is a video speed controller. Merely using those search terms, one should be able to find one that will allow you to speed up or slow down any video that you watch. Chrome, Firefox, and other browsers should have extensions, widgets, etc. that you can download.

Reading

Classical Chinese

For those with a foundation who are at least approaching an intermediate level, it can be useful to begin studying Classical Chinese so as to better understand the modern language and who it came to be.

To facilitate the study of Classical Chinese, I have provided random quotation generators below that those studying Classical Chinese can use to test themselves and also to compare how the Classical Chinese language evolved over time with the oldest quotations first. If one is not overly familiar with Classical Chinese, consider starting with Post-Han texts from the Qing Dynasty, it may prove easier. Examples of Post-Han works include the Four Great Classic Novels of Chinese Literature (四大名著; pinyin: sì dà míngzhù) – Journey to the West, Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Dream of the Red Chamber. Pre-Qin and Han authors/works of note include Confucius, Zhuangzi, Mencius, Han Feizi, Liezi, Analects, etc.

Useful Tools for Learners of Classical Chinese

• zdic.net
  An excellent Classical Chinese dictionary that provides many useful features such as proper stroke order, how characters evolved over the ages, and more
• Perapera Chinese Popup Dictionary
  A great resource to help you find the right definition when reading any article.

Modern Chinese

• Haodoo is a great educational resource that provdes access to novels by authors such as San Mao, which can be downloaded or read online. An example of one of San Mao's works: 《萬水千山走遍》
• Zhihu
  A website similar to Quora where you can find topics or questions of interest and users' comments or explanations.
• Example sentences in traditional
  ichacha provides the ability to use a word or phrase to conduct a search that will return example sentences using said word or phrase.

Useful Tools for Learners of Modern Chinese

• dict.baidu
• Perapera Chinese Popup Dictionary
  A great resource to help you find the right definition when reading any article.

Useful Search Terms

• 例句
• 造句
• 大全 Ex: 成語造句大全

Active Skills (Production)

Speaking

A reliable speaking partner that diligently provides corrections is worth their weight in gold. Resources that allow you to connect with native speakers, non-native speakers, teachers, and tutors are what you want to look for to get quality speaking practice in. Examples that may or may not be the best for this particular language at the time when this is read at some point in the future include Hellotalk for finding native and non-native speakers to practice with. (Non-native speakers can be useful for conversation practice as they can share insight into the language, help expedite your learning process, and they can also help bolster your speaking partners for languages for which speaking partners are difficult to find) A reliable speaking partner that actively corrects you and is a bare minimum ideal that can be quite difficult find. Note: by reliable I mean that is able to stick a schedule consistently and diligently correct you. If you are able to find one, consider having them write their corrections down for you both to go over and for you to digest later. If you are really on your game, you will use the notes written down, process them into an SRS system and create a sequence in which you will apply the new grammar points, words, or phrases that you have learned in a systematic fashion.

Another example of an app that allows one to easily find tutors or teachers is italki, which provides the ability to search a database of teachers/tutors by filters such as language, price, and availability.

Writing

There exist applications and websites that provide the ability to find pen pals, to make posts online that others will correct, and to find language exchange partners with whom you can communicate in-app via text messages.

Passive Skills (Reception)

Listening

• https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/inspiringjade
• http://popupcantonese.com/podcasts
• http://cantonese.hk/wp/
  Transcripts included in the sidebar.

Reading

• www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/
  This site includes lists of vocabulary on the landing page as well as a dictionary

Useful Search Terms

• 例句
• 造句
• 大全 Ex: 成語造句大全
• 入门

Resources in Mandarin

繁體字

• 粵語香港話教程

简体字

• 唔使送喇！粤语入门速成班
• 20天学会粤语（广州话）

Active Skills (Production)

Speaking

A reliable speaking partner that diligently provides corrections is worth their weight in gold. Resources that allow you to connect with native speakers, non-native speakers, teachers, and tutors are what you want to look for to get quality speaking practice in. Examples that may or may not be the best for this particular language at the time when this is read at some point in the future include Hellotalk for finding native and non-native speakers to practice with. (Non-native speakers can be useful for conversation practice as they can share insight into the language, help expedite your learning process, and they can also help bolster your speaking partners for languages for which speaking partners are difficult to find) A reliable speaking partner that actively corrects you and is a bare minimum ideal that can be quite difficult find. Note: by reliable I mean that is able to stick a schedule consistently and diligently correct you. If you are able to find one, consider having them write their corrections down for you both to go over and for you to digest later. If you are really on your game, you will use the notes written down, process them into an SRS system and create a sequence in which you will apply the new grammar points, words, or phrases that you have learned in a systematic fashion.

Another example of an app that allows one to easily find tutors or teachers is italki, which provides the ability to search a database of teachers/tutors by filters such as language, price, and availability.

Writing

There exist applications and websites that provide the ability to find pen pals, to make posts online that others will correct, and to find language exchange partners with whom you can communicate in-app via text messages.

Passive Skills (Reception)

Listening

Reading

Useful Search Terms

• 例句
• 造句
• 大全 Ex: 成語造句大全
• 入门

Resources in Mandarin

繁體字

• 生活台語
  Note: No longer in print, but available from National Taiwan University Foreign Language Teaching and Resource Center (外語教學暨資源中心) in their Language Building (語文大樓)
  NTU's Foreign Language Teaching and Resource Center
  For those in Taiwan, here is a campus map, please find the building in question in the top-center portion of square D-2. In the event that the link is broken, the link was originally found under "Main Campus/ Shuiyuan Campus" on NTU's campus map page
• Taiwan Ministry of Education's Online Dictionary of Mandarin, Hokkien, and Hakka
  An excellent resource for cross-reference providing definitions in Hokkien with examples and definitions in Mandarin provided (at the bottom of the page).
  Note: use the search box on the left side of the page to search for items in the dictionary, search queries cannot be made using simplified character, pronunciations are made using a modified version of bopomofo that has been adapted to include sounds found in Hokkien that are not found in Mandarin.

简体字

• 闽南话教程
• 我是闽南语入门学习书

Resources in English

Note: If one has even a foundation in Mandarin or Cantonese, it is worth at least considering consulting resources in Mandarin as it should prove a quicker medium by which to learn the language as English resources will presume that the learner has no knowledge of Chinese languages or characters

• Taiwanese Grammar: A Concise Reference
  An excellent reference resource for anyone serious about studying any version of Hokkien/Southern Min